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3[填空题]
Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a 1 difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. Their 2 for killing goes like this: one of a doctor’s 3 is to prevent suffering; sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it. There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocrates 4 his oath for doctors, which explicitly rules 5 active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his 6 .
The women’s magazines are about one third 7 to clothes, one third to mild comment 8 sex, and the 9 third to recipes and pictures of handsome salads, desserts, and main 10 . “Institutes” exist to experiment and tell housewives how to cook attractive meals and how to turn leftovers into 11 of art. The food thus pictured looks 12 famous paintings of still life. The only trouble is it’s tasteless.
One of the greatest and most 13 criticisms of television has been that in 14 to the largest audience possible, it neglects minority audiences and minority tastes. This is still 15 true. But there is, perhaps, one program a day and many, of course, on Sunday which an intelligent man or woman can enjoy and 16 interest from. In my trips east or west or north or south, I pick up the 17 paper to find this enjoyment or interest— 18 vain.
American individualism, on the 19 of it an admirable philosophy, wishes to manifest itself in independence of the community. You don’t share things in 20 ; you have your own things. A family’s strength is signalized by its possessions. Herein lies a 21 . For the desire for possessions must eventually mean dependence on possessions. Freedom is slavery. Once let the 22 instinct burgeon, and there are ruggedly individual forces 23 too ready to make it come to full and monstrous 24 . New appetites are invented; what to the European are bizarre 25 become, to the American, plain necessities.
A．acquisitive
B．appealing
C．argument
D．ban
E．blossom
F．common
G．courses
H．dedicated
I．derive
J．duties
K．face
L．firm
M．formulated
N．in
O．justified
P．largely
Q．like
R．local
S．on
T．only
U．other
V．out
W．paradox
X．works
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2021-12-23 08:38:27
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2021-12-23 08:38:27
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2021-12-23 08:38:27
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3[阅读题]
How America Lives (1) Americans still follow many of the old ways. In a time of rapid changes it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to. Young people still get married. Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries. In fact, when you compare the America of today with that of 1950, the similarities are far greater than the differences. (2) Americans seem to be growing conservative. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on. We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation. (3) Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously. Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it’s been difficult for some families to handle the changes. (4) American women are changing the rules. Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. At work, at play, at all levels of living women are suggesting new rules. (5) America is worried about its schools. If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements. But I would doubt that the child would get any better education than l did in my good public school. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate. (6) Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs. When I think of a typical welfare recipient I think of a young neighbor woman whose husband was killed in a tragic accident, leaving her with three young children. In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together and produced three fine, tax-paying citizens. America is essentially a compassionate society. (7) America cannot find housing for its young families. I consider this the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. For more than a decade, travelers like me have been aware that in countries like Sweden, Denmark, Russia and India young people have found it almost impossible to acquire homes. In Sweden the customary wait was 11 years of marriage, and we used to ask, “what went wrong?” It seemed to us that a major responsibility of any nation would be to provide homes for its young people starting their families. Well, this dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States, and for the same reasons. The builders in our society find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent but find it impossible to erect small homes for young marrieds. For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected. (8) Our prospects are still good. We have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world’s best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. We also have a magnificent mixture of people from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths. But most of all, we have a unique and balanced system of government. (9) I think of America as having the oldest form of government on earth, because since we started our present democracy in 1789, every other nation has suffered either parliamentary change or revolutionary change. It is our system that has survived and should survive, giving the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness. IV. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 1. Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of the American life discussed by the writer? A. Family value and housing. B. Social welfare and education. C. Agriculture and transportation. D. Marriage and women’s social status. 2. The author welcomes the freer patterns of today’s courtship and marriage ______. A. since nobody can survive almost anything B. because many young kids of his time suffered bitterly C. although all the families find it difficult to deal with the changes D. whether or not these changes have indicated a decided turn to the right 3. American public schools today are ______. A. no better than those decades ago B. no worse than those in the past C. less desirable than they used to be D. more desirable than private schools 4. Builders seem not willing to put up small homes for young married couples because ______. A. there is no market demand for small houses B. America is a nation impotent to house its young people C. most young people would dream of having larger homes D. it is not very lucrative for builders to put up small houses 5. The America of today is similar with that of 1950, a case in point is ______. A. young people have more children than their parents did B. young people do many things in the same ways as their parents did C. American people are reluctant to donate money to public services D. many young people are cautious about getting re-married after a divorce 6. Which of the following is a serious problem that exists in American society? A. American women are changing the rules. B. America cannot provide homes for its young people. C. American public schools are as good as private schools. D. None of the jobless can enjoy more welfare than before. 7. As the writer expects to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation, he is somewhat ______. A. radical B. cynical C. conservative D. open-minded 8. Obviously, the writer is ______ the major changes that have taken place and that are occurring in American life. A. in favor of B. enraged by C. critical of D. worried about 9. The American system of government has survived and should survive, because ______. A. it is truly democratic B. it is the oldest on earth C. it has experienced numerous changes D. it offers its people chances of happiness 10. This essay is ______. A. narrative B. expository C. descriptive D. argumentative
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2[阅读题]
Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items
A Wrong Man in Workers’ Paradise
(1) The man had never believed in mere utility.
(2) Having had no useful work, he indulged in mad whims. He made little pieces of sculpture—men, women and castle, quaint earthen things dotted over with sea-shells. He painted. Thus he wasted his time on all that was useless, needless. People laughed at him. At times he vowed to shake off his whims, but they lingered in his mind.
(3) Some boys seldom ply their books and yet pass their tests. A similar thing happened to this man. He spent his earth life in useless work and yet after his death the gates of Heaven opened wide for him.
(4) But mistakes are unavoidable even in Heaven. So it came to pass that the aerial messenger who took charge of the man made a mistake and found him a place in Workers’ Paradise.
(5) In this Paradise you find everything except leisure.
(6) Here men say: “God! We haven’t a moment to spare.” Women whisper: “Let’s move on, time’s a-flying.” All exclaim: “Time is precious.” “We have our hands full, we make use of every single minute,” they sigh complainingly, and yet those words make them happy and exalted.
(7) But this newcomer, who had passed all his life on Earth without doing a scrap of useful work, did not fit in with the scheme of things in Workers’ Paradise. He lounged in the streets absently and jostled the hurrying men. He lay down in green meadows, or close to the fast flowing streams, and was taken to task by busy farmers. He was always in the way of others.
(8) A hustling girl went every day to a silent torrent (silent, since in the Workers’ Paradise even a torrent would not waste its energy singing) to fill her pitcher.
(9) The girl’s movement on the road was like the rapid movement of a skilled hand on the strings of a guitar. Her hair was carelessly done; inquisitive wisps stooped often over her forehead to peer at the dark wonder of her eye.
(10) The idler was standing by the stream. As a princess sees a lonely beggar and is filled with pity, so the busy girl of Heaven saw this one and was filled with pity.
(11 ) “A—ha !” she cried with concern. “You have no work in hand, have you?”
(12) The man sighed, “Work! I have not a moment to spare for work.”
(13) The girl did not understand his words, and said: “I shall spare some work for you to do, if you like.”
(14) The man replied: “Girl of the silent torrent, all this time I have been waiting to take some work from your hands.”
(15) “What kind of work would you like?”
(16) “Will you give me one of your pitchers, one that you can spare?”
(17) She asked: “A pitcher? You want to draw water from the torrent?”
(18) “No, I shall draw pictures on your pitcher.”
(19) The girl was annoyed.
(20) “Pictures, indeed! I have no time to waste on such as you. I am going.” And she walked away.
(21) But how could a busy person get the better of one who had nothing to do? Every day they met, and every day he said to her: “Girl of the silent torrent, give me one of your clay pitchers. I shall draw pictures on it.”
(22) She yielded at last. She gave him one of her pitchers. The man started painting. He drew line after line; he put color after color.
(23) When he had completed his work, the girl held up the pitcher and stared at its sides, her eyes puzzled. Brows drawn, she asked: “What do they mean, all those lines and colors? What is their purpose?”
(24) The man laughed.
(25) “Nothing. A picture may have no meaning and may serve no purpose.”
(26) The girl went away with her pitcher. At home, away from prying eyes, she held it in the light, turned it round and round and scanned the painting from all angles. At night she moved out of bed, lighted a lamp and scanned it again in silence. For the first time in her life she had seen something that had no meaning and no purpose at all.
(27) When she set out for the torrent the next day, her hurrying feet were a little less hurried than before. For a new sense seemed to have wakened in her, a sense that seemed to have no meaning and no purpose at all.
(28) She saw the painter standing by the torrent and asked in confusion: “What do you want of me?”
(29) “Only some more work from your hands.”
(30) “What kind of work would you like?”
(31) “Let me make a colored ribbon for your hair,” he answered.
(32) “And what for?”
(33) “Nothing.”
(34) Ribbons were made, bright with colors. The busy girl of Workers’ Paradise had now to spend a lot of time every day tying the colored ribbon around her hair. The minutes slipped by, unutilized. Much work was left unfinished.
(35) In Workers’ Paradise work had of late begun to suffer. Many persons who had been active before were now idle, wasting their precious time on useless things such as painting and sculpture. The elders became anxious. A meeting was called. All agreed that such a state of affairs had so far been unknown in the history of Workers’ Paradise.
(36) The aerial messenger hurried in, bowing before the elders and made a confession.
(37) “I brought a wrong man into this Paradise,” he said. “It is all due to him.”
(38) The man was summoned. As he came the elders saw his fantastic dress, his quaint brushes, his paints, and they knew at once that he was not the right sort for Workers’ Paradise.
(39) Stiffly the President said: “This is no place for the like of you. You must leave.”
(40) The man sighed in relief and gathered up his brush and paint. But as he was about to go, the girl of the silent torrent came up tripping and cried: “Wait a moment. I shall go with you.”
(41) The elders gasped in surprise. Never before had a thing like this happened in Workers’ Paradise—a thing that had no meaning and no purpose at all.
In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each).
1. What do you think is the main point of the story?
A. The love of a painter for a pretty girl.
B. The opposition between beauty and utility.
C. The change of heart in a girl who used to believe in mere utility.
D. The ideal society where no time is wasted and no idler is tolerated.
2. What is the author’s attitude in this story?
A. He is indifferent to the artist.
B. He is in sympathy with the artist.
C. He is absolutely objective in telling the story.
D. He makes fun of those who believe in Paradise.
3. In the sentence “...but they lingered in his mind” in Paragraph 2, “they” refers to ______.
A. his whims B. his vows
C. the things he made D. the people he met
4. What is the proper meaning of the phrase “a scrap of” in Paragraph 7?
A. a lot of B. a load of
C. a bit of D. a pile of
5. In Paragraph 8, with the sentence “...in the Workers’ Paradise even a torrent would not waste its energy singing”, the author intends to ______.
A. state a fact B. laugh at the man
C. praise the Workers’ Paradise D. scoff at the Workers’ Paradise
6. What is the meaning of the phrase “get the better of” in Paragraph 21 ?
A. pick B. make use of
C. defeat D. make fun of
7. What is the meaning of the word “quaint” in Paragraph 38?
A. disgusting B. strange
C. ugly D. disturbing
8. Based on the author’s description of the girl, we know that ______.
A. she was curious
B. she was not very attractive
C. she was much busier than the others
D. she was the princess of the Workers’ Paradise
9. When the elders asked the man to leave the Workers’ Paradise, the man was ______.
A. disappointed B. worried
C. pleased D. surprised
10. From the end of the story we can infer that ______.
A. the girl won against the elders B. the elders won against the girl
C. the elders won against the man D. the man won against the elders
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2021-12-23 08:37:27
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